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CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPT1

1.1 Storage1

1.1.1 Hard Disks1

1.1.2 Floppy Disks1

1.1.3 How Hard and Floppy Disks Work1

1.1.4 Compact Disks2

1.1.5 Uses of Floppy Disks2

1.1.6 Uses of Compact Disks2

1.2 Outer Hardware3

1.2.1 The Basics3

1.2.2 Input Devices3

1.2.3 Output Devices4

Notes4

Keywords5

Exercise5

Related Topics6

Additional Reading Flash Memory8

CHAPTER 2 HOW HARD DISKS WORK12

2.1 Hard Disk Basics12

2.2 Cassette Tape vs.Hard Disk12

2.3 Capacity and Performance13

2.4 Inside:Electronics Board13

2.5 Inside:Beneath the Board14

2.6 Inside:Platters and Heads14

2.7 Storing the Data14

Notes15

Keywords15

Exercise16

Related Topics16

Additional Reading How Tape Recorders Work20

3.1 The Basics24

3.2 Display Technology Background24

CHAPTER 3 HOW COMPUTER MONITORS WORK24

3.3 Display Technology:VGA25

3.4 Display Technology:DVI25

3.5 Viewable Area26

3.6 Maximum Resolution and Dot Pitch26

3.7 Refresh Rate26

3.8 Color Depth27

3.9 Power Consumption27

3.10 Monitor Trends:Flat Panels28

Notes28

Keywords29

Exercise30

Related Topics30

Additional Reading Liquid crystal display34

CHAPTER 4 COMPUTER MICE38

4.1 Evolution38

4.2 The Optical Mouse39

Notes40

Keywords41

Exercise41

Related Topics42

Additional Reading Floppy Disk Drives44

CHAPTER 5 HOW BITS AND BYTES WORK47

5.1 Decimal Numbers47

5.2 Bits47

5.3 Bytes48

5.4 Bytes:ASCII49

5.5 Standard ASCII Character Set50

5.6 Lots of Bytes51

5.7 Binary Math51

5.8 Quick Recap52

Notes52

Keywords52

Related Topics53

Exercise53

Additional Reading How Boolean Logic Works55

CHAPTER 6 MICROPROCESSORS63

6.1 Microprocessor History63

6.2 Microprocessor Progression63

6.3 Inside a Microprocessor64

6.4 Microprocessor Instructions66

6.5 Decoding Microprocessor Instructions69

6.6 Microprocessor Performance69

6.7 Microprocessor Trends70

6.8 64-bit Processors70

Notes71

Keywords71

Exercise72

Related Topics72

Additional Reading E-Commerce74

CHAPTER 7 APPLICATION SOFTWARE82

7.1 What is Software82

7.2 Programming Languages82

7.2.1 Assemblers82

7.2.2 Compilers and interpreters83

7.2.3 Nonprocedural Languages83

7.3 Libraries84

7.4 The Program Development Process84

7.4.1 Problem Definition84

7.4.2 Planning85

7.4.3 Writing the Program85

7.4.4 Debug and Documentation85

7.4.5 Maintenance85

7.5 Writing your Own Programs86

Notes86

Exercise87

Related Topics87

Keywords87

Additional Reading Computer software89

CHAPTER 8 COMPILER92

8.1 Introduction to Compiler92

8.2 Introduction and history92

8.3 Types of compilers93

8.4 Compiled vs interpreted languages93

8.5 Compiler design94

8.6 Compiler front end94

8.7 Compiler back end95

8.8 Notes95

8.9 References95

Notes96

Keywords96

Exercise96

Related Topics97

Additional Reading Assembly language99

9.1 A Little Terminology104

CHAPTER 9 HOW JAVA WORKS104

9.2 Downloading the Java Compiler105

9.3 Your First Program106

9.4 Understanding What Just Happened108

Notes110

Exercise111

Related Topics111

Keywords111

Additional Reading How Perl Works112

CHAPTER 10 POSITIONING VISUAL C++ IN THE DESKTOP DATABASE MARKET118

Notes120

Keywords121

Exercise121

Related Topics122

Additional Reading C++124

11.2.1 Strong artificial intelligence130

11.2 Strong AI and weak AI130

CHAPTER 11 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE130

11.1 Overview130

11.2.2 Weak artificial intelligence131

11.2.3 Philosophical criticism and support of strong AI131

11.3 History Development of AI theory132

Notes134

Keywords135

Exercise135

Related Topics136

Additional Reading Alan Turing138

CHAPTER 12 NEURAL NETWORK143

12.1 Structure143

12.1.1 Models143

12.3.1 Usefulness144

12.3 Applications144

12.2 Advantages144

12.1.2 Calculations144

12.3.2 Real life applications145

12.4 Types of neural networks145

12.4.1 Single-layer perceptron145

12.4.2 Multi-layer perceptron146

12.4.3 Recurrent network147

12.4.4 Hopfield network147

12.4.5 Boltzmann machine147

12.4.6 Committee of machines148

12.4.7 Instantaneously trained networks148

12.4.8 Spiking neural networks148

12.5 Relation to optimization techniques148

Notes149

Related Topics149

Keywords152

Additional Reading Genetic Algorithm153

Exercise153

CHAPTER 13 HOW DSL WORK160

13.1 Telephone Lines160

13.2 Asymmetrical DSL161

13.3 Distance Limitations161

13.4 Splitting the Signal:CAP162

13.5 Splitting the Signal:DMT162

13.6 DSL Equipment162

13.7 DSL Equipment:Transceiver163

13.8 DSL Equipment:DSLAM163

Notes163

Keywords164

Exercise164

Related Topics165

Additional Reading How Telephones Work167

14.1 A Network Example171

CHAPTER 14 INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE171

14.2 Bridging The Divide172

14.3 Backbones172

14.4 Internet Protocol:IP Addresses Domain Name System172

14.5 Uniform Resource Locators173

14.6 Clients,Servers and Ports174

Notes175

Keywords175

Related Topics176

Exercise176

Additional Reading Modem178

DNS179

Uniform Resource Locator179

Client-server180

CHAPTER 15 HOW INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES WORK181

15.1 Looking at the Web181

15.1.1 An Itsy-Bitsy Beginning182

15.2 Building the Index183

15.1.2 Meta Tags183

15.3 Building a Search184

15.4 Future Search185

Notes185

Keywords186

Exercise187

Related Topics187

Additional Reading Internet Explorer190

CHAPTER 16 ENCRYPTION195

16.1 In the Key of195

16.1.1 Symmetric Key195

16.1.2 Public Key196

16.2 Hash This197

16.3 Are You Authentic197

Keywords199

Exercise199

Notes199

Related Topics200

Additional Reading Identity Theft202

CHAPTER 17 TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DCE211

17.1 Common threads211

17.2 Remote calls212

17.3 Directory services212

17.5 Distributed File System213

17.4 Distributed Security Service213

17.6 Distributed time service214

17.7 Extending and using the DCE214

Notes214

Keywords215

Exercise215

Related Topics215

Additional Reading How to Kerberize your site217

18.2 The MP3 Format227

CHAPTER 18 HOW MP3 FILES WORK227

18.1 introduction to MP3 files227

18.3 Using the MP3 Format228

18.4 Downloading and Listening229

18.5 Creating Your Own230

18.6 Distributing Original Music231

Notes231

Keywords231

Exercise232

Related Topics232

Additional Reading Sound Cards233

USB Ports236

CHAPTER 19 SHOCKWAVE 3-D TECHNOLOGY241

19.1 Uses of Shockwave Technology242

19.2 Making 3-D Content Accessible243

Notes245

19.3 Developing New 3-D Content245

Keywords246

Exercise246

Related Topics247

Additional Reading Computer Viruses252

CHAPTER 20 HOW PLAYSTATION 2 WORKS259

20.1 History259

20.2 Console260

20.3 Controller262

20.4 Games264

Notes265

Keywords265

Exercise266

Related Topics266

Additional Reading How Video Game Systems Work268

参考译文278

参考文献347