The Reformation A History of European Civilization From Wyclif to Calvin:1300-1564【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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BOOK Ⅰ：FROM WYCLIF TO LUTHER：1300-15171

Chapter Ⅰ．THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH：1300-15173

Ⅰ．The Services of Christianity3

Ⅱ．The Church at Nadir6

Ⅲ．The Triumphant Papacy11

Ⅳ．The Changing Environment14

Ⅴ．The Case against the Church17

Chapter Ⅱ．ENGLAND：WYCLIF，CHAUCER，AND THE GREAT REVOLT：1308-140026

Ⅰ．The Government26

Ⅱ．John Wyclif30

Ⅲ．The Great Revolt37

Ⅳ．The New Literature45

Ⅴ．Geoffrey Chaucer47

Ⅵ．Richard Ⅱ56

Chapter Ⅲ．FRANCE BESIEGED：1300-146158

Ⅰ．The French Scene58

Ⅱ．The Road to Crécy61

Ⅲ．Black Death and Other64

Ⅳ．Revolution and Renewal65

Ⅴ．The Mad King69

Ⅵ．Life among the Ruins71

Ⅶ．Letters75

Ⅷ．Art78

Ⅸ．Joan of Arc81

Ⅹ．France Survives86

Chapter Ⅳ．GALLIA PHOENIX：1453-151589

Ⅰ．Louis XI89

Ⅱ．Italian Adventure93

Ⅲ．The Rise of the Chateaux96

Ⅳ．Francois Viollon99

Chapter Ⅴ．ENGLAND IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY：1399-1509106

Ⅰ．Kings106

Ⅱ．The Growth of Wealth109

Ⅲ．Morals and Manners111

Ⅳ．The Lollards115

Ⅴ．English Art118

Ⅵ．Caxton and Malory120

Ⅶ．The English Humanists122

Chapter Ⅵ．EPISODE IN BURGUNDY：1363-1515126

Ⅰ．The Royal Dukes126

Ⅱ．The Religious Spirit127

Ⅲ．Sparkling Burgundy130

Ⅳ．Charles the Bold134

Ⅴ．Art in the Lowlands136

Chapter Ⅶ．MIDDLE EUROPE：1300-1460143

Ⅰ．Land and Labor143

Ⅱ．The Organization of Order145

Ⅲ．Germany Challenges the Church147

Ⅳ．The Mystics152

Ⅴ．The Arts154

Ⅵ．Gutenberg156

Chapter Ⅷ．THE WESTERN SLAVS：1300-1517161

Ⅰ．Bohemia161

Ⅱ．John Huss163

Ⅲ．The Bohemian Revolution167

Ⅳ．Poland172

Chapter Ⅸ．THE OTTOMAN TIDE：1300-1516175

Ⅰ．Second Blooming in Byzantium175

Ⅱ．The Balkans Meet the Turks178

Ⅲ．The Last Years of Constantinople181

Ⅳ．Hunyadi Janos184

Ⅴ．The Tide at Full186

Ⅵ．The Hungarian Renaissance187

Chapter Ⅹ．PORTUGAL INAUGURATES THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION：1300-1517191

Chapter Ⅺ．SPAIN：1300-1517197

Ⅰ．The Spanish Scene197

Ⅱ．Granada201

Ⅲ．Ferdinand and Isabella204

Ⅳ．The Methods of the Inquisition208

Ⅴ．Progress of the Inquisition213

Ⅵ．In Exitu Israel216

Ⅶ．Spanish Art220

Ⅷ．Spanish Literature224

Ⅸ．Sovereign Death226

Chapter Ⅻ．THE GROWTH OF KNOWLEDGE：1300-1517230

Ⅰ．The Magicians230

Ⅱ．The Teachers235

Ⅲ．The Scientists238

Ⅳ．The Healers243

Ⅴ．The Philosophers246

Ⅵ．The Reformers251

Chapter ⅩⅢ．THE CONQUEST OF THE SEA：1492-1517258

Ⅰ．Columbus258

Ⅱ．America261

Ⅲ．The Waters of Bitterness263

Ⅳ．The New Perspective268

Chapter ⅩⅣ．ERASMUS THE FORERUNNER：1469-1517271

Ⅰ．The Education of a Humanist271

Ⅱ．The Peripatetic273

Ⅲ．The Satirist276

Ⅳ．The Scholar283

Ⅴ．The Philosopher286

Ⅵ．The Man289

Chapter ⅩⅤ．GERMANY ON THE EVE OF LUTHER：1453-1517293

Ⅰ．The Age of the Fuggers293

Ⅱ．The State299

Ⅲ．The Germans302

Ⅳ．The Maturing of German Art306

Ⅴ．Albrecht Dürer311

Ⅵ．The German Humanists320

Ⅶ．Ulrich von Hutten325

Ⅷ．The German Church328

BOOK Ⅱ：THE RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION：1517-64335

Chapter ⅩⅥ．LUTHER：THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY：1517-24337

Ⅰ．Tetzel337

Ⅱ．The Genesis of Luther341

Ⅲ．The Revolution Takes Form345

Ⅳ．Bulls and Blasts352

Ⅴ．The Diet of Worms357

Ⅵ．The Radicals363

Ⅶ．The Foundations of Faith368

Ⅷ．Luther＇s Theology371

Ⅸ．The Revolutionist377

Chapter ⅩⅦ．THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION：1522-36380

Ⅰ．The Mounting Revolt380

Ⅱ．The Peasants＇War382

Ⅲ．The Anabaptists Try Communism395

Chapter ⅩⅧ．ZWINGLI：THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND：1477-1531403

Ⅰ．Multum in Parvo403

Ⅱ．Zwingli404

Ⅲ．The Zwinglian Reformation406

Ⅳ．Onward，Christian Soldiers410

Chapter ⅩⅨ．LUTHER AND ERASMUS：1517-36415

Ⅰ．Luther415

Ⅱ．The Intolerant Heretics420

Ⅲ．The Humanists and the Reformation425

Ⅳ．Erasmus Appendix427

Chapter ⅩⅩ．THE FAITHS AT WAR：1526-60438

Ⅰ．The Protestant Advance438

Ⅱ．The Diets Disagree441

Ⅲ．The Lion of Wittenberg447

Ⅳ．The Triumph of Protestantism453

Chapter ⅩⅪ．JOHN CALVIN：1509-64459

Ⅰ．Youth459

Ⅱ．The Theologian460

Ⅲ．Geneva and Strasbourg467

Ⅳ．The City of God472

Ⅴ．The Conflicts of Calvin476

Ⅵ．Michael Servetus479

Ⅶ．An Appeal for Toleration484

Ⅷ．Calvin to the End487

Chapter ⅩⅫ．FRANCIS I AND THE REFORMATION IN FRANCE：1515-59491

Ⅰ．Le Roi Grand Nez491

Ⅱ．France in 1515493

Ⅲ．Marguerite of Navarre497

Ⅳ．The French Protestants501

Ⅴ．Hapsburg and Valois506

Ⅵ．War and Peace512

Ⅶ．Diane de Poitiers518

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ．HENRY VIII AND CARDINAL WOLSEY：1509-29523

Ⅰ．A Promising King523

Ⅱ．Wolsey525

Ⅲ．Wolsey and the Church529

Ⅳ．The King＇s＂Divorce＂535

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ．HENRY VIII AND THOMAS MORE：1529-35543

Ⅰ．The Reformation Parliament543

Ⅱ．The Utopian550

Ⅲ．The Martyr555

Ⅳ．A Tale of Three Queens558

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ．HENRY Ⅷ AND THE MONASTERIES：1535-47563

Ⅰ．The Technique of Dissolution563

Ⅱ．The Obstinate Irish569

Ⅲ．Every Ounce a King570

Ⅳ．The Dragon Retires573

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ．EDWARD VI AND MARY TUDOR：1547-58579

Ⅰ．The Somerset Protectorate579

Ⅱ．The Warwick Protectorate583

Ⅲ．The Gentle Queen587

Ⅳ．＂Bloody Mary＂593

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ．FROM ROBERT BRUCE TO JOHN KNOX：1300-1561602

Ⅰ．The Indomitable Scots602

Ⅱ．Royal Chronicle604

Ⅲ．John Knox607

Ⅳ．The Congregation of Jesus Christ615

Chapter ⅩⅩⅧ．THE MIGRATIONS OF REFORM：1517-60621

Ⅰ．The Scandinavian Scene621

Ⅱ．The Swedish Reformation623

Ⅲ．The Danish Reformation627

Ⅳ．Protestantism in Eastern Europe629

Ⅴ．Charles V and the Netherlands631

Ⅵ．Spain637

1．The Revolt of the Comuneros637

2．The Spanish Protestants639

3．The Emperor Passes641

BOOK Ⅲ．THE STRANGERS IN THE GATE：1300-1566645

Chapter ⅩⅩⅨ．THE UNIFICATION OF RUSSIA：1300-1584647

Ⅰ．The People647

Ⅱ．The Princes of Moscow650

Ⅲ．Ivan the Terrible653

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩ．THE GENIUS OF ISLAM：1258-1520663

Ⅰ．The Il-Khans of Persia664

Ⅱ．Hafiz666

Ⅲ．Timur671

Ⅳ．The Mamluks676

Ⅴ．The Ottomans678

Ⅵ．Islamic Literature681

Ⅶ．Art in Asiatic Islam684

Ⅷ．Islamic Thought689

Chapter ⅩⅩⅪ．SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT：1520-66695

Ⅰ．African Islam695

Ⅱ．Safavid Persia698

Ⅲ．Suleiman and the West702

Ⅳ．Ottoman Civilization707

1．Government707

2．Morals711

3．Letters and Arts714

Ⅴ．Suleiman Himself716

Chapter ⅩⅩⅫ．THE JEWS：1300-1564720

Ⅰ．The Wanderers720

Ⅱ．On the Rack727

Ⅲ．The Second Dispersion734

Ⅳ．The Technique of Survival737

Ⅴ．Jewish Thought741

BOOK Ⅳ：BEHIND THE SCENES：1517-64749

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅢ．THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE751

Ⅰ．The Economy751

Ⅱ．Law757

Ⅲ．Morals760

Ⅳ．Manners766

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅣ．MUSIC：1300-1564771

Ⅰ．The Instruments771

Ⅱ．The Flemish Ascendancy773

Ⅲ．Music and the Reformation777

Ⅳ．Palestrina779

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅤ．LITERATURE IN THE AGE OF RABELAIS784

Ⅰ．Of Making Books784

Ⅱ．Schools786

Ⅲ．Scholars790

Ⅳ．The French Renaissance792

Ⅴ．Rabelais795

1．Himself795

2．Gargantua799

3．Pantagruel801

4．The King＇s Jester804

Ⅵ．Ronsard and the Pléiade807

Ⅶ．Wyatt and Surrey811

Ⅷ．Hans Sachs812

Ⅸ．The Iberian Muse814

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅥ．ART IN THE AGE OF HOLBEIN820

Ⅰ．Art，the Reformation，and the Renaissance820

Ⅱ．The Art of the French Renaissance822

1．＂A Malady of Build-ing＂822

2．The Ancillary Arts828

Ⅲ．Pieter Brueghel831

Ⅳ．Cranach and the Germans835

Ⅴ．The Tudor Style838

Ⅵ．Holbein the Younger840

Ⅶ．Art in Spain and Portugal845

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅦ．SCIENCE IN THE AGE OF COPERNICUS849

Ⅰ．The Cult of the Occult849

Ⅱ．The Copernican Revolution855

Ⅲ．Magellan and the Discov-ery of the Earth863

Ⅳ．The Resurrection of Biology867

Ⅴ．Vesalius869

Ⅵ．The Rise of Surgery873

Ⅶ．Paracelsus and the Doctors875

Ⅷ．The Skeptics881

Ⅸ．Ramus and the Philosophers883

BOOK Ⅴ：THE COUNTER REFORMATION：1517-65889

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅧ．THE CHURCH AND REFORM891

Ⅰ．Italian Protestant Reformers891

Ⅱ．Italian Catholic Reformers895

Ⅲ．St．Teresa and Monastic Reform899

Ⅳ．Ignatius Loyola905

Ⅴ．The Jesuits911

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅨ．THE POPES AND THE COUNCIL917

Ⅰ．The Popes at Bay917

Ⅱ．Censorship and Inquisition923

Ⅲ．The Council of Trent927

EPILOGUE：RENAISSANCE，REFORMATION，AND ENLIGHTENMENT935

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE941

NOTES953

INDEX979